Portable Medical Instruments
Portable Medical Applications: Whether developing a blood glucose meter, digital blood pressure meter, blood gas meter, digital pulse/heart rate monitor or even a digital thermometer there are five system level blocks that are common to each one: Power/Battery Management, Control and Data processing, Amplification and A/D Conversion of the sensor input, some type of display and the sensor element(s) itself. In general these are all microcontroller controlled handheld devices that operate on battery and take measurements using various bio-sensors. Obviously, the actual implementation topology of these blocks will differ greatly with the sensing, processing and information display demands of the meter type and feature set.
Key design considerations are ultra-low power consumption and high efficiency driven by the need for extended battery life, and high precision with a fast response time driven by the users need to quickly know the status of their health. Additional requirements may drive needs for additional memory to allow for historical profiling, cabled or wireless interfaces for data upload to a computer at home of in the doctors office or even for access to the sensor, and possibly audio feedback for simple good/not good indication or more complex step by step utilization instructions. Adding these features without increasing power consumption is a significant challenge. Texas Instruments portfolio of Microcontrollers, Instrumentation and Buffer Amplifiers, Power and Battery Management, Audio Amplifiers, and both wired and wireless interface devices provides the ideal tool box for Portable medical applications.
The common core subsystems are:
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Analog Front-End/Sensor Interface
- bio-sensor and ambient temperature input are amplified and then digitized by the A/D converter.
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LCD/LED/Keypad
- data display and entry.
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Microcontroller
- executes glucose measuring processes and controls interface with memory and peripheral devices. It also executes speech-synthesizer software to output voice instructions for the blood-glucose monitoring procedure.
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Audio Amplifier
- amplifies the audio output coming either from a PWM circuit or from the DAC. The PWM generates beeping sounds to notify when the measuring results are available. The DAC output voice instructions from the speech-synthesizer software.
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Memory/Peripheral Devices
- Measurements results are stored in EEPROM or FLASH memory as a data log that can be uploaded to a PC via USB interface.
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Power Management and Conversion
- converts the input battery power to run various functional blocks.